Ednawig · CC BY-SA 3.0

Spent a career at the Institute for Advanced Study working out what randomness actually buys a computation, and how much of that advantage can be recovered without it — the field of pseudorandomness that underlies why today's learning algorithms can rely on randomised methods at all. Co-developed the zig-zag graph product with Omer Reingold and Salil Vadhan, a foundational construction in complexity theory. Shared the 2021 Abel Prize and won the 2023 Turing Award for reshaping how the field understands the role of randomness in computation. Born in Haifa to parents who had separately fled Nazi persecution and the Soviet invasion of Poland.