Friedrich Waismann

An Austrian philosopher who, as a close associate of Moritz Schlick and Ludwig Wittgenstein in Vienna, recorded years of conversations with Wittgenstein later published as a key historical record of early analytic philosophy — before publicly accusing him of "obscurantism" for abandoning the empiricist project they had shared. Forced to flee after Austria's annexation by Germany, he spent the rest of his career at Cambridge and Oxford, where he introduced the influential idea of "open texture": that ordinary language terms carry a built-in indeterminacy that only shows up when unforeseen cases arise.