United States Department of State · Public domain

Jack Lew held four of the most consequential jobs in the executive branch — director of the Office of Management and Budget under both Clinton and Obama, White House chief of staff, and Treasury Secretary. As Treasury Secretary from 2013 to 2017, he managed the U.S. government's finances through repeated debt-ceiling standoffs with Congress. He returned to public service in 2023, at 67, as ambassador to Israel, before leaving diplomacy for a visiting professorship at Columbia University's school of international affairs.