Harris & Ewing · Public domain

Brandeis argued cases for free — the "People's Lawyer" — so he could take on causes rather than clients, building a reputation fighting railroad monopolies and concentrated banking power before Woodrow Wilson named him to the Supreme Court in 1916, where he served until 1939. His 1890 Harvard Law Review article, co-written with Samuel Warren, effectively invented the legal concept of a right to privacy, and his antitrust reasoning still underpins a modern revival of trust-busting associated with figures like Lina Khan. He was also a committed Zionist, seeing a Jewish national home as both a refuge from European antisemitism and a source of renewed Jewish identity.