Joop van Bilsen for Anefo / Anefo · CC0

A director of socially conscious dramas whose television career was cut short by the Second Red Scare blacklist before he turned to film, where he directed Paul Newman in Hud (1963), earning himself an Academy Award nomination for Best Director. His adaptation of John le Carré's The Spy Who Came in from the Cold won the BAFTA for Best British Film, and Sounder (1972) and Norma Rae (1979) both earned Best Picture Oscar nominations. Across his career he directed thirteen actors to Oscar nominations or wins, and four of his films have been preserved in the National Film Registry.