Gotfryd, Bernard, photographer · Public domain

Meir Kahane founded the Jewish Defense League in 1968, describing its purpose as fighting antisemitism through direct action, and after emigrating to Israel in 1971 founded the ultra-nationalist Kach party. He was convicted in the United States of conspiracy related to a 1975 plot involving a Soviet diplomat and the Iraqi embassy, serving a one-year sentence, and was arrested dozens of times in Israel over Kach's calls to expel Palestinians, a platform that led Israel's Central Elections Committee to disqualify the party as racist. Kahane was assassinated in New York in 1990.