Menorah Journal 1915 · Public domain

A Conservative rabbi and theologian who broke from that movement to found Reconstructionist Judaism with his son-in-law, Rabbi Ira Eisenstein, arguing that Judaism should be understood as an evolving civilization — its culture and history as central as its theology — rather than a fixed set of doctrines. The reframing gave later generations, including many secular and questioning Jews, a way to stay inside the tradition.