https://www.flickr.com/photos/jaapstronks/ · CC BY-SA 2.0

The pen name of Anthony Daniels, a British physician who spent his career treating patients as a prison psychiatrist in inner-city Birmingham and, earlier, in hospitals across sub-Saharan Africa. Writing as Dalrymple for City Journal and other outlets, he turned that clinical experience into essays on crime and poverty, collected in books like Life at the Bottom, that argue policy and culture — not just circumstance — shape the lives of the patients he treated. His conclusions have been contested by critics who see them as overly harsh toward the people he wrote about, a tension he never fully resolved.