Yolene Haik (יולנה חייק) · CC BY 4.0

Israel's seventh prime minister, serving two terms between 1983 and 1992, after a path to power that ran through the militant underground: as a young man in British Mandate Palestine he led the Lehi group, also known as the Stern Gang, after the assassination of its founder, Avraham Stern, in 1942. Lehi and the Irgun jointly carried out the 1948 Deir Yassin massacre of more than 100 Palestinian villagers. Shamir later ran Mossad's Operation Damocles before entering electoral politics with Menachem Begin's Herut party, eventually rising to lead Likud and the country.