Max Büttinghausen / Adam Cuerden · Public domain

The first woman to officially attend a Dutch university, she became one of the Netherlands' first female physicians and used the position to open, in 1882, what is considered the world's first birth control clinic, distributing contraceptive information to poor women at a time when doing so was radical. She built on that medical career to lead the Dutch and international women's suffrage movements, campaigning simultaneously against regulated prostitution and for women's working conditions, and helped push through the vote for Dutch women before her death in 1929.