Field
Medicine
113 figures, most prominent first.
Sigmund Freud
invented psychoanalysis
1856 – 1939
Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon)
codified Jewish law
c. 1138 – 1204
Drew Weissman
made mRNA vaccines possible
b. 1959
Jonas Salk
the polio vaccine
1914 – 1995
Oliver Sacks
British neurologist and writer
1933 – 2015
Wilhelm Reich
Austrian-American psychiatrist, psychoanalyst
1897 – 1957
Miriam Adelson
American-Israeli physician and business billionaire (born
b. 1945
Alfred Adler
Austrian psychotherapist
1870 – 1937
Charles Krauthammer
American journalist
1950 – 2018
David Baltimore
American biologist and Nobel laureate
1938 – 2025
Magnus Hirschfeld
German physician and sexologist
1868 – 1935
Viktor Frankl
Austrian Holocaust survivor, psychiatrist
1905 – 1997
Eric Kandel
American neuropsychiatrist
b. 1929
Amy Acton
American physician
b. 1966
Arthur Schnitzler
Austrian writer
1862 – 1931
Gertrude B. Elion
American biochemist and pharmacologist
1918 – 1999
Gertrude Elion
designed drugs for leukaemia
1918 – 1999
Albert Sabin
Jewish-Polish-American physician and epidemiologist who d
1906 – 1993
Paul Ehrlich
invented chemotherapy
1854 – 1915
Rita Levi-Montalcini
found nerve growth factor
1909 – 2012
Hermann Joseph Muller
American biologist
1890 – 1967
Joshua Lederberg
American molecular biologist
1925 – 2008
Rachel Levine
American professor of pediatrics and psychiatry; United S
b. 1957
Drew Pinsky
American radio and television personality, physician
b. 1958
Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
American medical physicist
1921 – 2011
Alan Garber
American physician
b. 1955
Gerty Cori
Austro-Hungarian-American biochemist
1896 – 1957
Howard Krein
American otolaryngologist, plastic surgeon
b. c. 1966
Janusz Korczak
Polish-Jewish educator and physician
1878 – 1942
Otto Heinrich Warburg
German physiologist, medical doctor and Nobel laureate
1883 – 1970
Salvador Luria
Italian American microbiologist
1912 – 1991
Josh Green
governor of Hawaii since 2022
b. 1970
Richard Axel
American molecular biologist
b. 1946
Stanley B. Prusiner
American neurologist and biochemist
b. 1942
Arthur Kornberg
American biochemist
1918 – 2007
Baruj Benacerraf
Venezuelan-American immunologist
1920 – 2011
- IN
Iddo Netanyahu
Israeli physician, author and playwright
b. 1952
Irvin D. Yalom
American psychotherapist and writer
b. 1931
Karl Landsteiner
Jewish-Austrian biologist
1868 – 1943
- ME
Marek Edelman
Jewish resistance member
1922 – 2009
Robert Lefkowitz
American physician and biochemist
b. 1943
Sabina Spielrein
Russian physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts
1885 – 1942
Élie Metchnikoff
Russian-French immunologist, embryologist, biologist
1845 – 1916
Rashid al-Din Hamadani
Persian physician and historian
c. 1247 – 1318
Howard Martin Temin
American geneticist
1934 – 1994
Joseph L. Goldstein
American biochemist
b. 1940
Marshall Warren Nirenberg
American biochemist and geneticist
1927 – 2010
Rochelle Walensky
American medical scientist
b. 1969
Stanley Plotkin
American physician
b. 1932
Aaron Beck
American psychiatrist, researcher, therapist
1921 – 2021
Aryeh Eldad
Israeli physician, military officer and politician
b. 1950
Fritz Perls
German-born psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and psychotherapist
1893 – 1970
Gerald Edelman
American biologist
1929 – 2014
Hans Krebs
German-British biochemist
1900 – 1981
Harold E. Varmus
American scientist
b. 1939
James Rothman
American biologist and Nobel laureate
b. 1950
Josef Breuer
Austrian physician
1842 – 1925
Richard Davidson
American psychologist
b. 1951
- RV
Rudolf Vrba
Slovak-Jewish Auschwitz escapee, Canadian biochemist
1924 – 2006
- SF
Sándor Ferenczi
Hungarian psychoanalyst
1873 – 1933
César Milstein
Argentine biochemist
1927 – 2002
- GM
Gabor Maté
Hungarian-Canadian physician
b. 1944
Randy Schekman
Nobel prize winning American cell biologist
b. 1948
Selman Waksman
found the cure for tuberculosis
1888 – 1973
Fritz Albert Lipmann
German-American biochemist
1899 – 1986
Henri Moissan
French chemist
1852 – 1907
- JE
John E. Mack
American psychiatrist
1929 – 2004
Mandy Cohen
American internist and health official
b. 1978
Ralph M. Steinman
Canadian immunologist and cell biologist
1943 – 2011
Baruch Samuel Blumberg
American physician, geneticist and Nobel prize winner
1925 – 2011
- HR
H. Robert Horvitz
American biologist
b. 1947
Otto F. Kernberg
Austrian psychoanalyst and psychologist
b. 1928
Aaron Ciechanover
Israeli physician and biochemist, Nobel Laureate
b. 1947
Andrew Fire
American biologist
b. 1959
Andrew Weil
US physician and writer; alternative medicine advocate
b. 1942
Avram Hershko
Israeli biochemist
b. 1937
Bernard Katz
German-British biophysicist
1911 – 2003
Bruce Beutler
American immunologist and geneticist
b. 1957
George Wald
American biologist, biochemist
1906 – 1997
Heinz Kohut
Austrian-American psychoanalyst and psychiatrist
1913 – 1981
Julius Axelrod
American biochemist
1912 – 2004
Michael Klaper
American physician
b. 1947
Otto Loewi
Jewish-German pharmacologist
1873 – 1961
Paul Greengard
American neuroscientist
1925 – 2019
Robert Jay Lifton
American psychiatrist and author
1926 – 2025
Michael Stuart Brown
American geneticist and Nobel laureate
b. 1941
Al-Samawal al-Maghribi
Muslim mathematician, astronomer and physician
c. 1130 – c. 1180
Alexander Luria
Soviet psychologist
1902 – 1977
Alfred G. Gilman
American pharmacologist
1941 – 2015
Harvey J. Alter
American medical researcher
b. 1935
Immanuel Velikovsky
Russian, Israeli and American author
1895 – 1979
Isaac Israeli ben Solomon
medieval Jewish physician and philosopher
c. 832 – c. 932
Joseph Erlanger
American doctor
1874 – 1965
Tadeusz Reichstein
Polish-Swiss chemist
1897 – 1996
John Vane
English pharmacologist
1927 – 2004
- JF
Judah Folkman
American biologist
1933 – 2008
- MS
Miriam Stoppard
British journalist
b. 1937
Nathaniel Wallich
surgeon and botanist of Danish origin who worked in India
1786 – 1854
Otto Fritz Meyerhof
German biochemist
1884 – 1951
Robert Bárány
Austri-Hungarian otologist and Nobel Prize laureate
1876 – 1936
Robert F. Furchgott
American biochemist
1916 – 2009
Simon Flexner
American scientist
1863 – 1946
André Michel Lwoff
French microbiologist
1902 – 1994
- ÁL
Árpád Lengyel
Hungarian physician
1886 – 1940
- JJ
Jerusha Jhirad
Indian physician
1891 – 1984
- Ji
Jonah ibn Janah
Spanish rabbi and lexicographer
c. 990 – c. 1050
Margaret Mahler
Hungarian born American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst
1897 – 1985
Michael Heidelberger
American immunologist
1888 – 1991
Wilhelm Stekel
Austrian physician and psychologist
1868 – 1940
- AM
Abraham Maimonides
Egyptian rabbi
c. 1186 – 1237
Aletta Jacobs
Dutch physician and feminist, editor
1854 – 1929
Waldemar Haffkine
bacteriologist
1856 – 1930
Eric Berne
Canadian psychiatrist
1910 – 1970