Bengt Oberger · CC BY-SA 4.0

Randy Schekman worked out the machinery cells use to move proteins to where they're needed — the vesicle trafficking system that keeps the cell's internal logistics running — sharing the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with James Rothman and Thomas Südhof for the discovery. Beyond the lab, he has shaped how science itself gets published, serving as editor of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and, from 2011, founding editor of the open-access journal eLife.