Blaisio Ugolino · Public domain
Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon)
c. 1138 – 1204aged 66
Physician to Saladin's court and the most influential Jewish thinker of the Middle Ages. His Mishneh Torah reorganised the whole of Jewish law, and The Guide for the Perplexed set out to reconcile it with Aristotle — shaping Aquinas and Leibniz along the way.