Unknown author · Public domain

Spielrein arrived in Zurich as Carl Jung's teenage patient and left it, a few years later, one of the first women to practice psychoanalysis — treating Jean Piaget among others and corresponding with both Jung and Freud even as her relationship with Jung grew intimate and, in her diaries, painfully complicated. Across a thirty-year career and more than thirty-five papers in three languages, she introduced the concept of the death drive years before Freud made it famous, and produced some of the earliest case studies of childhood schizophrenia. She was murdered by German forces in Rostov-on-Don in 1942.