AA_Abrikosov_and_VL_Ginzburg_ANL.jpg: ANL.gov derivative work: Materialscientist · Public domain

Shared the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics with Vitaly Ginzburg and Anthony Leggett for theoretical work explaining how matter behaves at extremely low temperatures. His contributions to condensed matter physics, developed over decades of work in the Soviet Union before he later took American citizenship, underpin the modern understanding of superconductivity.