Müller-May · CC BY-SA 3.0 de

Erich Fromm fled Nazi Germany in the 1930s and remade himself in New York as a bridge between psychoanalysis and social theory, arguing that character is shaped as much by economic and political structure as by early childhood — a break from orthodox Freudianism that put him at odds with much of the profession. He co-founded the William Alanson White Institute of Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis and Psychology and was associated with the Frankfurt School's circle of German-Jewish émigré thinkers throughout his career in the United States.