Ralph Miliband

A Polish-Jewish refugee who fled Belgium for Britain in 1940 as a teenager, served in the Royal Navy during the war, and became one of the leading Marxist academics of his generation at the London School of Economics. His books, including Parliamentary Socialism (1961) and The State in Capitalist Society (1969), argued that Britain's political institutions were structurally tilted toward capital regardless of which party held office. His sons David and Ed Miliband both rose to lead Britain's Foreign Office.