צלם קובי קלמנוביץ · CC BY-SA 3.0

Co-discovered the Aharonov-Bohm effect in 1959, the demonstration that electromagnetic potentials can influence a quantum particle even in regions where the field itself is exactly zero — a result that overturned classical intuitions about locality and became one of the foundational proofs of quantum mechanics' strangeness. He later developed, with David Albert and Lev Vaidman, the theory of "weak values," probing whether quantum randomness might be shaped by future events as well as past ones. He shared the 1998 Wolf Prize in Physics for the Bohm-Aharonov work and received the National Medal of Science in 2009.